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--- etruscan_and_roman_time_periods [2016/04/04 15:52]
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+++ etruscan_and_roman_time_periods [2016/04/11 14:56]
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 **Use this section only as a starting point. Once you have narrowed your Style_Period options down, go to Getty AAT to find the authority record for the term you need.**
-==== Bronze Age/Aegean periods (Crete, Cycladic Islands, Greek mainland) ====
+==== Etruscan Periods ====
-=== Crete (Minoan culture) ===
+Early Etruscan (ca. 900-400 BCE)
-Early Minoan I – ca. 3100/3000-2700/2650 BCE
+Late Etruscan (ca. 400-50 BCE)
-Early Minoan II – ca. 2700/2650-2150 BCE
+Tarquinian (ca. 700-100 BCE): Use only when the object is from Tarquinia or the surrounding area.
-Early Minoan III – ca. 2150-2050/2000 BCE
+Note: Anything dating after 50 BCE should be cataloged under the appropriate Roman time period.
-Middle Minoan IA – ca.2050/2000-2000/1950 BCE
-Middle Minoan IB – ca. 2000/1950-1900/1850 BCE
+==== Roman Periods ====
-Middle Minoan II – ca. 1900/1850-1750-1720 BCE
-Middle Minoan III – ca. 1750/1720-1700/1675 BCE
+=== Monarchic (ca.753-509 BCE) ===
-Late Minoan IA – ca. 1675-1600 BCE (or ca.1550-1500 BCE)
+Tarquinian (Roman monarchy) (ca. late 7th century-509 BCE)
-Late Minoan IB – ca. 1600-1500 BCE (or ca. 1500-1450 BCE)
+Note: Not to be confused with Tarquinian, the Etruscan period, referring to the particular style around Tarquinia.
-Late Minoan II – ca. 1500-1450 BCE (or ca.1450-1415 BCE)
-Late Minoan IIIA – ca. 1450-1340 BCE (or ca. 1415-1340 BCE)
-Late Minoan IIIB – ca. 1340-1190 BCE
-Late Minoan IIIC – ca. 1190-1125/1100 BCE
-=== Cyclades (Cycladic culture) ===
-Early Cycladic I (Grotta-Pelos culture) – ca. 3100/3000-2650 BCE
-Early Cycladic II (Keros-Syros culture) – ca.2650-2450/2400 BCE
-Early Cycladic IIB or IIIA (Kastri Group culture) – ca.2450/2400-2200/2150 BCE
-Early Cycladic III – ca. 2200/2150-2050/2000 BCE
-Early Cycladic IIIB or
-Middle Cycladic I (Phylakopi I culture) – ca.2050/2000-1900/1850 BCE
-=== Mainland Greece (Helladic culture for Early and Middle periods, Mycenaean for Late periods) ===
-Early Helladic I (Eutresis culture) – ca. 3100/3000-2650 BCE
-Early Helladic IIA (Korakou culture) – ca. 2650-2200/2150 BCE
-Early Helladic IIB (Lefkandi I culture) – ca.2450/2400-2200/2150 BCE
-Early Helladic III (Tiryns culture) – ca.2200/2150-2050/2000 BCE
-Middle Helladic I –ca.2050/2000-1900 BCE
-Middle Helladic II – ca. 2000/1900-1800 BCE (or ca.1900-1700 BCE)
-Middle Helladic III – ca. 1800-1700/1675 BCE (or ca.1700-1575/1550 BCE)
-Late Helladic I-IIA - ca. 1675/1650-1490/1470 BCE
-Late Helladic IIB-IIIA1 - ca. 1490/1470-1390/1370 BCE
-Late Helladic IIIA2-B - ca. 1390/1370-1190 BCE
-Late Helladic IIIC - ca. 1190-1050 BCE
-==== Proto-Geometric Period (ca. 1000-900 BCE) ====
-Proto-Geometric vase-painting: black bands, some compass-drawn circles
-==== Geometric Period (ca. 900-700 BCE) ====
-ca. 900-850 Early Geometric vase-painting: less black, more space, more circles
+=== Republican (ca. 509-31/27 BCE) ===
-ca. 850-760 Middle Geometric vase-painting: meander patterns, pyxides & horse-handles
+Sullan (ca. 138-78 BCE)
-ca. 760-700 Late Geometric vase-painting: free use of human figures and animals, Dipylon amphorae
+Late Republican (ca. 120-80 BCE)
-==== Orientalizing Period (ca. 725-650 BCE) ====
+Caesarian (ca. 78-44 BCE)
-Proto-Corinthian pottery & Proto-Attic pottery (ca.710-610 BCE)
+Note: For objects with very specific dates, use Sullan or Caesarian. For objects with more vague date ranges, use Republican and/or Late Republican.
-Black-figure starts in Corinth ca. 720, flourishes in Athens (Attic) by 600
+Note: Some regard the end of the Republican period as the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE. Others consider the end to be when Octavian is granted the title Augustus in 27 BCE.
-Small metal  objects – griffin heads (protomes), cauldrons, tripods, animals, etc
-==== Archaic Period (ca. 650-480 BCE) ====
+=== Imperial (ca. 31/27 BCE-330/476 CE) ===
-Early Archaic (ca.650-580 BCE)
-Middle Archaic (ca. 580-535 BCE)
-Late Archaic (ca. 535-480 BCE)
-pottery: Corinthian style, Black-figure style in Athens , then Red-figure begins ca.520
-sculpture: kouroi & korai
-==== Classical Period ====
+Augustan (27 BCE-14 CE)
-Early Classical/Severe (ca. 480-450 BCE)
+Julio-Claudian (27 BCE-69 CE)
-High Classical (ca. 450-400 BCE)
+Flavian (69-96 CE)
-Late Classical/4th century (ca. 400-330 BCE)
+Trajanic (96-117 CE)
-Periklean Building Program on the Akropolis
+Hadrianic (117-138 CE)
--444 - Hephaisteion
+Antonine (138-193 CE)
--438/432 - Parthenon (metopes, 447-443; frieze, 442-438; pediments, 438-432, dedicated 438)
+Severan (193-211 CE)
--432 - Propylaia by Mnesikles
+== Late Antique ==
--424 - Temple of Athena Nike  (balustrade from 409)
+Tetrarchic (ca. 250-311 CE)
-/0, 409-406 - Erechtheion
+Constantinian (311-337 CE)
-==== Hellenistic Period ====
-Early Hellenistic (ca.330-220 BCE)
-High Hellenistic (ca. 220-150 BCE)
+Note: 337 CE is the end of the Imperial Period in the Eastern Empire. Use Byzantine time periods henceforth for the Eastern Empire. For the Western Empire, Imperial continues until the fall of Rome in 476 CE.
-Late Hellenistic (c. 150- 31 BCE)
+Note: Late Antique overlaps with Early Christian time periods. These are not necessarily mutually exclusive.
-	Dying Gaul & Wife, Galatian monument by Attalos I
+For specific Roman emperors, see [[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roru/hd_roru.htm]]
--138	Stoa of Attalos II, Athens (reconstructed AD 1952)
--125	Altar of Zeus, Pergamum
-==== Roman Period begins at different times throughout the Mediterranean. ====s]]
+==== Byzantine Period begins at different times in different places. ====